Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) Concepts in C++ with Examples

Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) in C++: An Overview

Numerous items we come into contact with every day, such as phones & cars, show how deeply technology impacts our lives. And behind the scenes of these everyday objects is a powerful programming language called C++ that helps create them. One key concept of OOPs is the object class which enables developers to create objects from their own custom classes in order to make development faster and more efficient. In this blog post, we'll dive deeper into the OOPs concepts in C++ and look at how object class works in C++ for the practical check out our C++ training section.

What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) in C++?

OOPs in C++ are the Object-Oriented Programming concepts used to organize data and processes together. It is intended to provide code reusing and better modularity for easier maintenance of programs. To support structured program design and realistic simulation, OOPs concepts in C++  allow classes to generate objects with data accessible through methods.

Basic Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) Concepts in C++

The concept of the oops in C++ programming language is based on the 6 major pillars of the language, which are

1. Object
2. Class
3. Inheritance
4. Polymorphism
5. Abstraction
6. Encapsulation

1.) Object

The object is an entity that has a particular behavior and a state. Objects can be physical or logical in C++ programming language. When an object is created it is generally allocated to the memory

2.) Class

Class is a collection of objects with logical entities. In the C++ programming language, a class is the foundation element of object-oriented programming. A class is created for accessing and using user-defined data types and member functions.

3.) Inheritance

Inheritance is a process of making a relationship between two classes and the objects of one class acquire the features and properties of the other class. The class that inherits the properties is known as the child class and the main class is called the parent class

4.) Polymorphism

Polymorphism is the ability to take more than one form in the C++ programming language. This particular feature provides an operator or a function that has more than one definition. It can be implemented by using operator overloading and function overloading.

5.) Abstraction

Abstraction in C++ programming language helps in the process of data hiding. It assists the program in showing the essential features without showing the functionality or the details of the program to its users. It generally avoids unwanted information or irrelevant details but shows the important part of the program

6.) Encapsulation

Encapsulation helps to wrap up the functions and data together in a single unit. By privatizing the scope of the data members it can be achieved. This particular feature makes the program inaccessible to the outside world.

Benefits of OOP in C++

• The OOP features help the programmer to provide reusability of the coding and extend the usage of the existing classes.
• In object-oriented programming in the C++ language, is easy to maintain any particular code as there are objects and classes, which helps to make the program easy to maintain.
• This particular feature in the C++ programming language also helps in data-hiding methods. It is very helpful to keep the data and information safe from getting exposed to leaking.
• Object-oriented programming is an easy feature to implement in the C++ programming language.

Object Class in C++

• Object classes are an integral part of object-oriented programming (OOP) and are used in the C++ language.
• An object class in C++ is a user-defined type or data structure that is used to organize the related data of a particular object.
• An object class can be thought of as a blueprint for creating objects, which have data and behavior associated with them.
• Object classes define the structure and behavior of objects within the code, making developing software much easier and quicker by using pre-defined object classes.
• Instances of object classes can then be called upon to interact with other elements within the code.
• C++ object class capabilities are powerful, enabling developers to create complex actions quickly without having to write additional code from scratch.

Example of C++ object and class

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 
class Student
{ 
   public: 
      int id;//data member (also instance variable) 
      string name;//data member(also instance variable) 
}; 
int main()
{ 
    Student s1; //creating an object of Student 
    s1.id = 405; 
    s1.name = "Urmi Bose"; 
    cout<<s1.id<<endl; 
    cout<<s1.name<<endl; 
    return 0; 
} 

This C++ code generates an object (s1) of the Student class, which has two data members (id & name). It gives the object's data members new values before printing them to the terminal.

Output

405
Urmi Bose

Why Do You Need Object-Oriented Programming?

• Modularity: OOP encourages breaking down a complex system into smaller, manageable modules (objects), making development, maintenance, and debugging easier.
• Reusability: Objects can be reused in different parts of a program or different programs altogether, saving time and effort in writing and testing code.
• Abstraction: OOP allows you to create abstract models of real-world entities, focusing on essential characteristics while hiding unnecessary details. This simplifies problem-solving and enhances code readability.
• Encapsulation: Objects encapsulate data (attributes) and the methods (functions) that operate on that data. This data hiding prevents unintended interference and promotes a clear separation between interface and implementation.

• Inheritance: Inheritance allows you to create new classes based on existing ones, inheriting their attributes and methods. This promotes code reuse and establishes a hierarchical relationship among classes, facilitating design and maintenance.

• Polymorphism: Polymorphism enables the use of a single interface to represent different types of objects. This fosters flexibility and allows interchangeable use of objects without needing to know their specific class.
• Code Organization: OOP promotes a structured programming approach, making it easier to manage large projects by dividing them into smaller, interconnected classes.
• Collaborative Development: OOP encourages teamwork as developers can work on different classes simultaneously, ensuring that different parts of the system can be developed in parallel.
• Modeling Real-World Scenarios: OOP maps well to real-world concepts, making it easier to model complex systems and relationships between entities in the code.

FAQs

1. What is the concept of class and object in C++?

In C++, an object is an instance of a class, whereas a class is a blueprint for building things.

2. What are the 4 concepts of OOP?

The four pillars of object-oriented programming (OOP) are abstraction, polymorphism, inheritance, and encapsulation.

3. What is the OOPs concept?

The programming paradigm known as OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming) makes use of objects and classes to model and arrange code.

4. What is object class in simple words?

In simple terms, an object class is a class that is used to create objects and instances.

5. What are the different types of object classes?

There are numerous classes that produce different types of objects; there are no distinct object classes of any type.

6. What is the main difference between class and object?

A class is a template, but an object is a particular instance made from that template. This is the primary distinction between a class & an object.

7. How many methods are in the object class?

There are no methods explicitly in an "object class" in C++ because there is no Object base class.

Summary

This article provides a vast idea about the benefits of Oops in C++ and what class and object in C++ example. These objects can be connected together to model complex systems. Understanding how to work with objects and classes is essential for any programmer, and that’s why exploring a C++ certification course would be beneficial for those who want to be able to master this powerful language. Thanks for reading! We hope you have a better understanding of OOP concepts and object classes in C++ now.

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