Python Operators: Types of Operators in Python
Python Operators: An Overview
Are you constantly wondering what to do with programming including Python programming in particular? Have you been trying to understand concepts related to operators within the Python training program language, but found yourself confused by all of its idiosyncrasies? Don’t worry, we’ve got your back. In this blog post, we will provide Python Operators, types of operators in Python, Operators in Python, Precedence of Operators in Python & comprehensive overview of some of the most common and powerful Python operators so that you get a crystal clear idea as soon as possible!
What are Operators in Python?
Types of Python Operators
- Arithmetic Operators
- Comparison (Relational) Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Membership Operators
- Identity Operators
Python Arithmetic Operators
Operator | Name | Example |
+ | Addition | 10 + 20 = 30 |
- | Subtraction | 20 – 10 = 10 |
* | Multiplication | 10 * 20 = 200 |
/ | Division | 20 / 10 = 2 |
% | Modulus | 22 % 10 = 2 |
** | Exponent | 4**2 = 16 |
// | Floor Division | 9//2 = 4 |
Example
a = 21
b = 10
# Addition
print ("a + b : ", a + b)
# Subtraction
print ("a - b : ", a - b)
# Multiplication
print ("a * b : ", a * b)
# Division
print ("a / b : ", a / b)
# Modulus
print ("a % b : ", a % b)
# Exponent
print ("a ** b : ", a ** b)
# Floor Division
print ("a // b : ", a // b)
The two variables "a" and "b" are defined in this code, which then applies a number of arithmetic operations to them (including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, exponentiation, and floor division) and outputs the results.
Output
a + b : 31
a - b : 11
a * b : 210
a / b : 2.1
a % b : 1
a ** b : 16679880978201
a // b : 2
Python Comparison Operators
Operator | Name | Example |
== | Equal | 4 == 5 is not true. |
!= | Not Equal | 4 != 5 is true. |
> | Greater Than | 4 > 5 is not true |
< | Less Than | 4 < 5 is true |
>= | Greater than or Equal to | 4 >= 5 is not true. |
<= | Less than or Equal to | 4 <= 5 is true. |
Example
a = 4
b = 5
# Equal
print ("a == b : ", a == b)
# Not Equal
print ("a != b : ", a != b)
# Greater Than
print ("a > b : ", a > b)
# Less Than
print ("a < b : ", a < b)
# Greater Than or Equal to
print ("a >= b : ", a >= b)
# Less Than or Equal to
print ("a <= b : ", a <= b)
This code compares the values of variables 'a' and 'b' and prints if they are equal, not equal, greater than, less than, more than or equal to, and less than or equal to each other.
Output
a == b : False
a != b : True
a > b : False
a < b : True
a >= b : False
a <= b : True
Python Assignment Operators
Assignment Operator in Python is a key element in Python programming. The assignment operator in Python allows the programmer to create, manipulate, and assign values to any Python variable in an efficient manner. Python Assignment Operators can be used in a variety of ways: they can perform basic math operations; they can assign multiple objects with one statement; they can assign unchanged input variables to different output locations; and many more ways.
Operator | Name | Example |
= | Assignment Operator | a = 10 |
+= | Addition Assignment | a += 5 (Same as a = a + 5) |
-= | Subtraction Assignment | a -= 5 (Same as a = a - 5) |
*= | Multiplication Assignment | a *= 5 (Same as a = a * 5) |
/= | Division Assignment | a /= 5 (Same as a = a / 5) |
%= | Remainder Assignment | a %= 5 (Same as a = a % 5) |
**= | Exponent Assignment | a **= 2 (Same as a = a ** 2) |
//= | Floor Division Assignment | a //= 3 (Same as a = a // 3) |
Example
# Assignment Operator
a = 10
# Addition Assignment
a += 5
print ("a += 5 : ", a)
# Subtraction Assignment
a -= 5
print ("a -= 5 : ", a)
# Multiplication Assignment
a *= 5
print ("a *= 5 : ", a)
# Division Assignment
a /= 5
print ("a /= 5 : ",a)
# Remainder Assignment
a %= 3
print ("a %= 3 : ", a)
# Exponent Assignment
a **= 2
print ("a **= 2 : ", a)
# Floor Division Assignment
a //= 3
print ("a //= 3 : ", a)
The Python assignment operators are shown in this code. It begins with the value of 'a' equal to 10, and then goes through the steps of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, remainder, exponentiation, and floor division, updating 'a' as necessary and outputting the results.
Output
a += 5 : 105
a -= 5 : 100
a *= 5 : 500
a /= 5 : 100.0
a %= 3 : 1.0
a **= 2 : 1.0
a //= 3 : 0.0
Python Bitwise Operators
Operator | Name | Example |
& | Binary AND | Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 |
| | Binary OR | Sets each bit to 1 if one of the two bits is 1 |
^ | Binary XOR | Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1 |
~ | Binary Ones Complement | Inverts all the bits |
~ | Binary Ones Complement | Inverts all the bits |
<< | Binary Left Shift | Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off |
>> | Binary Right Shift | Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off |
Example
a = 60 # 60 = 0011 1100
b = 13 # 13 = 0000 1101
# Binary AND
c = a & b # 12 = 0000 1100
print ("a & b : ", c)
# Binary OR
c = a | b # 61 = 0011 1101
print ("a | b : ", c)
# Binary XOR
c = a ^ b # 49 = 0011 0001
print ("a ^ b : ", c)
# Binary Ones Complement
c = ~a; # -61 = 1100 0011
print ("~a : ", c)
# Binary Left Shift
c = a << 2; # 240 = 1111 0000
print ("a << 2 : ", c)
# Binary Right Shift
c = a >> 2; # 15 = 0000 1111
print ("a >> 2 : ", c)
The binary representations of the numbers 'a' and 'b' are subjected to bitwise operations in this code. It displays the results of binary AND, OR, XOR, Ones Complement, Left Shift, and Right Shift operations.
Output
a & b : 12
a | b : 61
a ^ b : 49
~a : -61
a >> 2 : 240
a >> 2 : 15
Python Logical Operators
Operator | Description | Example |
and Logical AND | If both of the operands are true then the condition becomes true. | (a and b) is true. |
or Logical OR | If any of the two operands is non-zero then the condition becomes true. | (a or b) is true. |
not Logical NOT | Used to reverse the logical state of its operand | Not(a and b) is false. |
Example
a = 20
b = 20
c = -10
if a > 0 and b > 0:
print("The numbers are greater than 0")
if a > 0 and b > 0 and c > 0:
print("The numbers are greater than 0")
else:
print("Atleast one number is not greater than 0")
The code prints "The numbers are greater than 0" if variables "a" and "b" are greater than 0 in the test. Then it checks to see if all three variables ('a,' 'b,' and 'c') are greater than 0, but since 'c' is not, it outputs "At least one number is not greater than 0."
Output
The numbers are greater than 0
Atleast one number is not greater than 0
Python Membership Operators
Operator | Description | Example |
in | Evaluates to true if it finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise. | x in y, here in results in a 1 if x is a member of sequence y. |
not in | Evaluates to true if it does not find a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise. | x not in y, here not in results in a 1 if x is not a member of sequence y. |
Example
a = 10
b = 20
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];
if ( a in list ):
print "Line 1 - a is available in the given list"
else:
print "Line 1 - a is not available in the given list"
if ( b not in list ):
print "Line 2 - b is not available in the given list"
else:
print "Line 2 - b is available in the given list"
a = 2
if ( a in list ):
print "Line 3 - a is available in the given list"
else:
print "Line 3 - a is not available in the given list"
The 'in' and 'not in' operators are used in this code to show how to verify whether the values 'a' and 'b' are present in the list. When 'a' is set to 2, it checks once more to make sure that 'a' is present in the list and outputs if each value is present or not.
Output
Line 1 - a is not available in the given list
Line 2 - b is not available in the given list
Line 3 - a is available in the given list
Python Identity Operators
Operator | Description | Example |
is | Evaluates to true if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and false otherwise | x is y, here are results in 1 if id(x) equals id(y) |
is not | Evaluates to false if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object and true otherwise | x is not y, there are no results in 1 if id(x) is not equal to id(y). |
Example
a = 20
b = 20
if ( a is b ):
print "Line 1 - a and b have same identity"
else:
print "Line 1 - a and b do not have same identity"
if ( id(a) == id(b) ):
print "Line 2 - a and b have same identity"
else:
print "Line 2 - a and b do not have same identity"
b = 30
if ( a is b ):
print "Line 3 - a and b have same identity"
else:
print "Line 3 - a and b do not have same identity"
if ( a is not b ):
print "Line 4 - a and b do not have same identity"
else:
print "Line 4 - a and b have same identity"
The 'is' and 'is not' operators are used in this code to show how to verify the identity (memory address) of the variables 'a' and 'b'. It indicates whether or not 'a' and 'b' share the same identity, and it updates 'b' to 30 to show that they no longer share the same identity under the third and fourth requirements.
Output
Line 1 - a and b have same identity
Line 2 - a and b have same identity
Line 3 - a and b do not have same identity
Line 4 - a and b do not have same identity
Python Operators Precedence
Python Operators Precedence is can be explained by this given table,
Sr.No. | Operator | Description |
1. | ** | Exponentiation (raise to the power) |
2. | ~ + - | Complement, unary plus and minus (method names for the last two are +@ and -@) |
3. | * / % // | Multiply, divide, modulo, and floor division |
4. | + - | Addition and subtraction |
5. | >> << | Right and left bitwise shift |
6. | & | Bitwise 'AND' |
7. | ^ | | Bitwise exclusive `OR' and regular `OR' |
8. | <= < > >= | Comparison operators |
9. | <> == != | Equality operators |
10. | = %= /= //= -= += *= **= | Assignment operators |
11. | is is not | Identity operators |
12 | in not in | Membership operators |
13. | not or and | Logical operators |
FAQs
1. What is an operator in Python?
A symbol or special character that performs actions on one or more operands is referred to as an operator in Python.
2. What are the operators used in the Python list?
With Python lists, the operators + (concatenation), * (repetition), [] (indexing), and [:] (slicing) are often used.
3. What are the 7 operators in Python?
In Python, there are seven fundamental operators: + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), % (modulo), // (floor division), and ** (exponentiation).
Summary
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